In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression focuses on a paradigm shift in the governance of social media platforms that has alarming consequences for freedom of opinion and expression online. She analyses recent changes in the policies and practices of digital companies and the responses by States, identifying some good practices and many serious concerns. Calling for a recommitment to human rights by States and companies, the Special Rapporteur makes concrete recommendations to States, companies, international organizations, investors and civil society to strengthen freedom of opinion and expression online.